Apache .htaccess与Nginx rewrite转换

只使用Apache的.htaccess文件配置一切的人,通常将如下的规则:

RewriteCond  %{HTTP_HOST}  example.org
RewriteRule  (.*)          http://www.example.org$1

转换为类似这样的东西:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.example.org  example.org;
    if ($http_host = example.org) {
        rewrite  (.*)  http://www.example.org$1;
    }
    ...
}

这是错误的、冗长的、低效的方式,正确的方式是为example.org定义一个单独的服务器:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  example.org;
    return       301 http://www.example.org$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.example.org;
    ...
}

在0.9.1版本之前,重定向指令为:
rewrite ^ http://www.example.org$request_uri?;

另一个例子,是相反的“颠倒”逻辑,“所有不是example.com和www.example.com”:

RewriteCond  %{HTTP_HOST}  !example.com
RewriteCond  %{HTTP_HOST}  !www.example.com
RewriteRule  (.*)          http://www.example.com$1

应该简单的定义example.com, www.example.com以及“其他”:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  example.com www.example.com;
    ...
}

server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    server_name  _;
    return       301 http://example.com$request_uri;
}

在0.9.1版本前,重定向方法如下:
rewrite ^ http://example.com$request_uri?;

转换规则

典型的Mongrel规则:

DocumentRoot /var/www/myapp.com/current/public

RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/system/maintenance.html -f
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !maintenance.html
RewriteRule ^.*$ %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/system/maintenance.html [L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1 [QSA,L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}/index.html -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/index.html [QSA,L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.html -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.html [QSA,L]

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ balancer://mongrel_cluster%{REQUEST_URI} [P,QSA,L]

应该转为:

location / {
    root       /var/www/myapp.com/current/public;

    try_files  /system/maintenance.html
               $uri  $uri/index.html $uri.html
               @mongrel;
}

location @mongrel {
    proxy_pass  http://mongrel;
}